What are the components of a starter motor armature?

　　 Starter armature The control device includes an electromagnetic switch, a starter relay, and an ignition start switch, etc. The electromagnetic switch is made together with the starter armature.

　　I. Electromagnetic switch

　　1. Structural characteristics of the electromagnetic switch

　　The electromagnetic switch is mainly composed of an electromagnet mechanism and a motor switch. The electromagnet mechanism consists of a fixed core, a movable core, an attracting coil, and a holding coil. The fixed core is fixed, and the movable core can move axially in the copper bushing. The front end of the movable core is fixed with a push rod, and the front end of the push rod is provided with a switch contact plate. The rear end of the movable core is connected to the fork through an adjusting screw and a connecting pin. A reset spring is arranged outside the copper bushing to reset the movable parts, such as the movable core.

　　2. Working principle of the electromagnetic switch

　　When the directions of the magnetic fluxes generated by energizing the attracting coil and the coil are the same, their electromagnetic attractions overlap each other, and the movable core can be attracted to move forward. The pad at the front end of the push rod until the electrical switch contacts are connected to the main motor circuit. When the magnetic pain caused by the energization of the attracting coil and the coil is in the opposite direction, their electromagnetic attractions cancel each other out. Under the action of the reset spring, the movable core and other movable parts automatically reset, the pads and contacts are disconnected, and the main motor circuit is disconnected.

　　II. Starter relay

　　The coils are connected to the ignition switch terminals and the connection terminals "E" on the housing respectively, the fixed contacts are connected to the start terminal "S", and the movable contacts are connected to the battery terminal "BAT" through the contact arm and bracket. The starter relay is a normally open contact. When the coil is energized, the relay core generates an electromagnetic force to close its contacts, thereby connecting the pump coil and the coil circuit controlled by the relay.

　　1. Control circuit

　　The control circuit includes the starter relay control circuit and the starter electromagnetic switch control circuit.

　　The starter relay control circuit is controlled by the ignition switch, and the control object is the relay coil circuit. When the ignition switch is turned on, the current flows from the battery to the ammeter through the starter power terminal, then from the ammeter to the ignition switch, and the relay coil returns to the negative pole of the battery. Then the relay core generates a strong electromagnetic attraction, so that the relay contacts are closed, and the control circuit of the starter armature electromagnetic switch is connected.

　　2. Main circuit

　　After the electromagnetic switch is turned on, the attracting coil 3 and the holding coil 4 will generate strong electromagnetic attraction and turn on the main circuit of the starter armature. The circuit is: positive pole of the battery → starter power terminal → electromagnetic switch → excitation winding → armature winding → ground, ground → negative pole of the battery, so the starter generates electromagnetic torque and starts the engine.

　　III. Common faults of starter armature

　　1. Reduced-speed starter armature fault

　　The battery is fully charged, the wires are connected normally, and the starter does not rotate after the ignition switch is turned on.

　　Fault location: Starter, combination relay, connecting wires and switches, etc.

　　Troubleshooting:

　　(1) Check the wire connections and switch operation.

　　(2) Determine whether the fault is in the starter or in the combination relay

　　2. Starter does not rotate

　　The battery is fully charged, the wires are connected normally, and the starter does not rotate after the ignition switch is turned on.

　　Fault location: Starter, combination relay, connecting wires and switches, etc.

　　Troubleshooting:

　　(1) Check the wire connections and switch operation.

　　(2) Determine whether the fault is in the starter or the combination relay: Short-circuit the two terminals on the starter electromagnetic switch with a wire to start the engine. If the starter runs, the fault is in the combination relay; if the motor does not rotate, the fault is in the starter.

　　(3) Determine whether the fault is in the motor or in the electromagnetic switch: Short-circuit the two main terminals on the starter with a wire. If the motor is running, the fault is in the electromagnetic switch; otherwise, the fault is in the motor.