Induced electromotive force and current of automotive armature windings

　　 Automotive Armature A basic understanding is that when a winding carries current in a magnetic field, a force acts on the winding. A more advanced understanding is that when a winding carries current in a magnetic field, it generates another magnetic field, and the interaction between the two fields produces torque. From an electron's perspective, the current experiences a force in the magnetic field. The latter understanding involves the interaction of two magnetic fields.

　　It is generally understood that there is a magnetic field that generates an induced electromotive force, and the current in the winding generates another magnetic field. The interaction between the two magnetic fields produces torque. However, if the two combine into a single magnetic field, how this magnetic field produces torque requires an understanding of tensor laws. The magnetic force that generates the armature induced electromotive force is called the air gap magnetic flux line, and the magnetic flux is called the air gap magnetic flux line. The air gap magnetic flux line and the induced armature reduce the frequency relationship, thereby reducing the pi/2 phase relationship. This is a very clear and measurable physical quantity. The relationship with the armature winding current is also obvious.

　　Two main categories of flowing armature windings. Used in DC motors and AC motors, respectively.

　　The armature consists of an armature core and an armature winding. The armature winding is the circuit part of a DC motor, and is the part that converts electrical energy through the generation of induced electromotive force and electromagnetic torque (a generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy). The armature core is part of the armature circuit and also supports the armature winding, which is embedded in the slots of the armature core.

　　The principle of induced armature in DC and AC motors is roughly the same. The current in the armature winding of a DC motor is also AC, and must be output through a commutator to be DC. AC motors are divided into induction motors (asynchronous motors) and synchronous motors. Induction motors are divided into squirrel-cage rotors and wound rotors according to the rotor structure. Induction motors use stator windings to generate a magnetic field, and rotor windings to perform energy conversion. Synchronous motors use rotor windings to generate a magnetic field and stator windings to perform energy conversion.

　　An automotive armature usually refers to the part of a motor that requires an external power supply. In a DC motor, the armature is the rotor; in an AC motor, the armature is the stator.

　　1. Single-wave winding

　　The characteristic of a single-wave winding is that the two commutator segments connected to the ends of each coil are far apart, and the resultant pitch y=yk is greater than y1. After the two coils are connected, they become a wave, called a wave winding. The difference from a lap winding lies in the commutator pitch yk. Since the induced electromotive forces of the two connected coils must be in the same direction, the corresponding angles of the two connected coils must be under the same polarity pole. Therefore, the commutator pitch is approximately equal to two poles. Its pitch is the same as the stack group, close to or equal to the pole pitch.

　　2. Multiple-wave windings

　　In a wave winding, after P (number of pole pairs) coils are connected around the armature, if the commutator segments are not adjacent to the starting commutator segment, and differ by 2, 3, or M segments, the resulting winding is equivalent to a combination of 2, 3, or M short-wave windings. This is called a multiple-wave winding. Frog (mixed) winding

　　For large motors, sometimes a mixed armature winding with both lap and wave windings is used, called a mixed winding. Its winding structure is very similar to a frog, so it is also called a frog-type winding. The shape of the coil resembles a frog, hence the name frog-shaped winding. This frog-type winding itself has a perfect equalizing effect, so no additional equalizing windings are needed.