How to identify automotive armature windings?

　　 Automotive Armature The winding is the heart of the motor. Different motors, manufacturers, and processing technologies correspond to different winding styles. Different winding styles are chosen to achieve specific characteristics, such as simple structure, easy manufacturing and maintenance, and safe and reliable operation.

　　Automotive armature windings, like AC motor windings, have a relatively large potential difference between the edges of the coils for a specific number of conductors. They should save non-ferrous metals and insulating materials as much as possible, but they have unique characteristics. They are connected through commutators between coils, and the connection must ensure good transition.

　　I. Characteristics and Pitch of Automotive Armature Windings

　　The characteristics of automotive armature windings are usually represented by the number of slots, the number of coils, the number of commutator segments, and various pitches. Each coil has two coil sides, and each commutator segment connects coil sides and coil sides, so the number of coils S must be equal to the number of commutator segments K (for example, S=K).

　　1. One Pitch y1

　　The distance between the two coil sides of each coil intersecting the armature surface is called the back pitch or one pitch of the winding, represented by the number of virtual slots intersected.

　　2. Two Pitch y2

　　In two coils connected by the same translational layer section, the distance between the bottom coil side of one coil and the top coil side of the other coil from the armature surface is called the two pitch or front pitch, and is calculated in virtual slots.

　　3. Composite Pitch y

　　The distance between the corresponding sides of the two connected coil sides and the armature surface is called the composite pitch y, and its size is also calculated in virtual slots.

　　4. Commutator Pitch yk

　　The distance between the two commutator segments connected to both ends of each coil intersecting the commutator surface is called the commutator pitch, and is represented by the number of commutator segments. The composite pitch y and the commutator pitch yk are always the same (for example, y=yk).

　　II. Types of Automotive Armature Windings

　　Automotive armature windings can be divided into five types: single-layer lap winding, multiple-layer lap winding, single-wave winding, frog-leg winding, and wave-mixed winding.

　　1. Lap Winding

　　Lap windings sequentially connect adjacent coils under the same pole, with a composite pitch y=yk=1 or -1. When winding this winding, the two connected components are directly stacked on top of each other from the back, so it is called a lap winding. When Y=yk=1, the emphasis moves to the right. This is called a "right-hand" winding. If Y=yk=-1, the emphasis moves to the left, called a "left-hand" emphasis. The various components of the left-hand winding are connected to the two short-circuiting wires of the commutator, which requires more copper and is rarely used. Therefore, lap windings often use right-hand windings.

　　2. Multiple-Layer Lap Winding

　　If the corresponding coil edges of the two coils connected in a lap winding are not one virtual slot apart, but two, three, or generally M virtual slots apart, then the commutator segments connected to both ends of each coil will be connected by two, three, or generally M commutator segments, instead of adjacent commutator segments. If they are connected according to this rule, they will be wound on one coil. Obviously, the lap winding consists of two, three, or generally M single lap windings. Picture

　　3. Single-Wave Winding

　　The characteristic of a single-wave winding is that the two commutator segments connected to both ends of each coil are far apart, with a composite pitch y=yk greater than y1. After two coils are connected, they become a wave, called a wave winding. The difference from lap winding lies in the commutator pitch yk. Since the induced electromotive forces of two connected coils must be in the same direction, the corresponding angles of the two connected coils must be under the same polarity pole, so the transition pitch is approximately equal to two poles. Its one pitch is the same as the stack group, close to or equal to the pole pitch.